This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, now a part of the Episcopal Church (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. [citation needed], With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. The Huguenot emigrants were different from the Dutch and German settlers who made up the average population of the Cape Colony. French became the language of the educated elite and of the court at Potsdam on the outskirts of Berlin. [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. Page 449. O. I. By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. ", Robin Gwynn, "The number of Huguenot immigrants in England in the late seventeenth century. "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. Are you a descendant of a Huguenot Family? Gt. [citation needed], Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. Research genealogy for Thomas Russell of Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Ultimately, whatever the roots, the meaning of the term . Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. There have been many migrations in Europe since the Middle . Huguenot Trails. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 9 Full view - 1908. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast. Another Huguenot cemetery is located off French Church Street in Cork. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? The Huguenots were French Calvinists, active mostly in the sixteenth century. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671; the first documented was the wagonmaker Franois Vilion (Viljoen). Some remained, practicing their Faith in secret. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. English, French, Walloon, Dutch, German, Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from a personal name composed of the ancient Germanic . At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Edward VI granted them the whole of the western crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for worship. For example, E.I. Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. A list of submitted surnames in which the usage is Hungarian (page 2). Other editions - View all. Item No : 360414493459 Condition : -- Category : Books & Magazines > Antiquarian & Collectible Seller : rockyiguana See more from this seller Items Specifications - Author : Ancestry Found - Language : English - Country/Region of Manufacture : United States D.J.B. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned", "444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America", "Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields Huguenot Public Art Trust", "Eglise Protestante Franaise de Londres", "The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)", "The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life", "The strangers and the canaries - Football Welcomes 2018", "Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History", Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French). By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. Updated on January 12, 2018. On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. Indeed, some of the Pettit names from the city of Metz and the other French provinces (dpartements) near the borders with Switzerland and Germany were Huguenots (Fr. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. Baird, Charles W. "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America." It is now an official symbol of the glise des Protestants rforms (French Protestant church). [75] When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Goochland County. "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. Page 168. In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). After revoking the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots civil rights, in October 1685, Louis XIV forbade them to leave France on pain of imprisonment, torture and death. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rly, was printed in Paris in 1487. [29], Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 14551536). The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.[67]. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. It's also the last name of Carmelita Jeter, an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 meter sprint. [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. [46], In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris and similar massacres took place in other towns in the following weeks. We visited Karlshafen in 1996 and again in 2008. By the start of the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 17591760.[119]. . [63] It states in article 3: "This application does not, however, affect the validity of past acts by the person or rights acquired by third parties on the basis of previous laws. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. French Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America. I know . During the second wave, before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, refugees came mostly from the Dauphin, Cvennes and Languedoc regions; the major route of exodus was the passage from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. He wrote in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots (1965), that Huguenot is: a combination of a Dutch and a German word. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to 'little Hugos', or 'those who want Hugo'.[6]. . [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Demographically, there were some areas in which the whole populations had been Reformed. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. In 1562, naval officer Jean Ribault led an expedition that explored Florida and the present-day Southeastern US, and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina. They assimilated with the predominantly Pennsylvania German settlers of the area. The cities of Bourges, Montauban and Orlans saw substantial activity in this regard. In 1654, additional grants were given and shelters were built as centers for trading with the Leni-Lennapes. [14][15], The issue of demographic strength and geographical spread of the Reformed tradition in France has been covered in a variety of sources. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. It includes links to books and societies that can help you find your ancestral name in France prior to the French Revolution, and it focuses on Protestant aristocratic families. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. [45] The Michelade by Huguenotes against Catholics was later on 29 September 1567. Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "Second Hundred Years' War" by some historians, from 1689 onward. Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. [4], A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. [78] Howard Hughes, famed investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, was also of Huguenot descent and descendant from Rev. ", Michael Green, "Bridging the English Channel: Huguenots in the educational milieu of the English upper class.". The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Bette Davis (1908-1989), American actress, descended from the Huguenot Favor family on her mother's side. ), was in common use by the mid-16th century. Early ties were already visible in the Apologie of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards (who were Huguenots of the mountainous Massif Central region) rioted against the Catholic Church, burning churches and killing the clergy. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. Lachenicht, Susanne. Other descendents of Huguenots included Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Reverend John Gano, a Revolutionary War chaplain and spiritual advisor to George Washington; Francis Marion; and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The most Hubert families were found in USA in 1880. not (hyoog-nt) n. A French Protestant of the 16th to 18th centuries. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. [22] A few families went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic Quebec. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. [1][2][3], The remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. [72][73] The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home. Even before the Edict of Als (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sret was no more. As a major Protestant nation, England patronised and helped protect Huguenots, starting with Queen Elizabeth I in 1562,[85] with the first Huguenots settling in Colchester in 1565. The Huguenots (/hjunts/ HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-noz/ -nohz, French:[y()no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. In France, Calvinists in the United Protestant Church of France and also some in the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine consider themselves Huguenots. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. This action would have fostered relations with the Swiss. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Bernard James Whalen was born on 25 April 1931, in Shullsburg, Lafayette, Wisconsin, United States. Most Cordes families in the United States come from Germany but many of them have family histories that claim French or Spanish origins. some French members of the largely German, Four-term Republican United States Representative. While many family histories are given at length . [30] During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. gt. Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? While people don't usually think of German and Dutch people as having Iberian DNA, as many as 18% of the population of Western Europe shows Iberian DNA, and the Netherlands and Germany fall . Following the French crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. John Gano. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Examples of Huguenot surnames are: Agombar, Beauchamp, Bosanquet, Boucher/Bouchar, Bruneau, Chapeau, Deschamps, Dupont, Du Preez/Pree, Lamerie, Lepage, Martin, Rondeaux, Vernier and Vincent. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and some further upstate in New Paltz. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. Huguenots with that surname are not only found in French Switzerland, but also emigrated from . He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". "Genealogical Research in Nova Scotia" by Terrance Punch - ISBN 1-55109-235-2 - Terry is a professionally accredited Canadian genealogist who specializes in immigration from Ireland, Germany and Montbliard (Huguenot Protestants French-Swiss border area). Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Most of the refugees from the German . The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The Manakintown Episcopal Church in Midlothian, Virginia serves as a National Huguenot Memorial. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. Although services are conducted largely in English, every year the church holds an Annual French Service, which is conducted entirely in French using an adaptation of the Liturgies of Neufchatel (1737) and Vallangin (1772). Many descendants of the French Huguenots in South Africa still . 1491-1532? Various hypotheses have been promoted. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. When Paul Roux, a pastor who arrived with the main group of Huguenots, died in 1724, the Dutch administration, as a special concession, permitted another French cleric to take his place "for the benefit of the elderly who spoke only French". The Huguenot Society of America maintains the Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Some of these French settlers were Calvinist or Reformed Protestants (Huguenots) who fled religious persecution in France. There is an aged carpenter here, 'La Combre,' of pure Huguenot descent, so that this name also, as well as another, 'Champ,' may be added to the list. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. "A Letter from Carolina, 1688: French Huguenots in the New World." In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. huguenot surnames in germany. A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. . [31] William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant republican government in Geneva. The government encouraged descendants of exiles to return, offering them French citizenship in a 15 December 1790 law: All persons born in a foreign country and descending in any degree of a French man or woman expatriated for religious reason are declared French nationals (naturels franais) and will benefit from rights attached to that quality if they come back to France, establish their domicile there and take the civic oath. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, who was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610. [36], Early in his reign, Francis I (r.15151547) persecuted the old, pre-Protestant movement of Waldensians in southeastern France. A-B Adrian Agombar Ammonet Andr Annereau Appel Arabin Arbou/Harbou Arbouin Archinal Ardouin Armand Arnaud Asselin Auvache Avard Azire Bailhache Ballou Balmer/Balmier Baly Barben Barberie Bardin Barnier Barraud Barrett (Barr) Bartels Bartier/Bertier Bastet Baud Bdard Beehag (Behague) Beharell . The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. Trim, . The French Huguenot Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States. By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in Alsace, Moselle, and Montbliard, were mainly Lutherans. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. As the Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility towards them grew, even though the French crown offered increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. While many American Huguenot groups worship in borrowed churches, the congregation in Charleston has its own church. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour Huguenots were Nobles, Doctors, Lawyers, Historians, Intellectuals, Craftsman and Artisans and loyal to the Crown. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. They are Franschhoek in the Cape Province of South Africa, Portarlington in the Republic of Ireland, and Bad Karlshafen in Hesse, Germany. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. The first Mennonite immigrants bearing this name came to PA in the first half of the 18th century.